This Article  • Full text  • PDF  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Citing articles on ISI (60)  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Related letters  • Similar articles in JAMA  Topic Collections  • Diabetes Mellitus  • Review  • Alert me on articles by topic

A Systematic Review

Rob M. van Dam, PhD; Frank B. Hu, MD, PhD

JAMA. 2005;294:97-104.

Context  Emerging epidemiological evidence suggests that higher coffee consumption may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.

Objective  To examine the association between habitual coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes and related outcomes.

Data Sources and Study Selection  We searched MEDLINE through January 2005 and examined the reference lists of the retrieved articles. Because this review focuses on studies of habitual coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes, we excluded studies of type 1 diabetes, animal studies, and studies of short-term exposure to coffee or caffeine, leaving 15 epidemiological studies (cohort or cross-sectional).

Data Extraction  Information on study design, participant characteristics, measurement of coffee consumption and outcomes, adjustment for potential confounders, and estimates of associations was abstracted independently by 2 investigators.

Data Synthesis  We identified 9 cohort studies of coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes, including 193 473 participants and 8394 incident cases of type 2 diabetes, and calculated summary relative risks (RRs) using a random-effects model. The RR of type 2 diabetes was 0.65 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54-0.78) for the highest (6 or 7 cups per day) and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.62-0.83) for the second highest (4-6 cups per day) category of coffee consumption compared with the lowest consumption category (0 or 2 cups per day). These associations did not differ substantially by sex, obesity, or region (United States and Europe). In the cross-sectional studies conducted in northern Europe, southern Europe, and Japan, higher coffee consumption was consistently associated with a lower prevalence of newly detected hyperglycemia, particularly postprandial hyperglycemia.

Conclusions  This systematic review supports the hypothesis that habitual coffee consumption is associated with a substantially lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Longer-term intervention studies of coffee consumption and glucose metabolism are warranted to examine the mechanisms underlying the relationship between coffee consumption and type 2 diabetes.

Author Affiliations: Department of Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dr van Dam); Department of Nutrition (Drs van Dam and Hu) and Department of Epidemiology (Dr Hu), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass; Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (Dr Hu).

RELATED LETTERS

Coffee Consumption and Development of Type 2 Diabetes
Celia M. Ross
JAMA. 2005;294(18):2299.
EXTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Coffee Consumption and Development of Type 2 Diabetes—Reply
Rob M. van Dam and Frank B. Hu
JAMA. 2005;294(18):2299.
EXTRACT | FULL TEXT  

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Coffee Consumption and Coronary Calcification: The Rotterdam Coronary Calcification Study
van Woudenbergh et al.
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 2008;28:1018-1023.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Dietary Intake and the Development of the Metabolic Syndrome: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Lutsey et al.
Circulation 2008;117:754-761.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Coffee Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Events After Acute Myocardial Infarction: Results From the GISSI (Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto miocardico)-Prevenzione Trial
Silletta et al.
Circulation 2007;116:2944-2951.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Coffee consumption and the incidence of antihypertensive drug treatment in Finnish men and women
Hu et al.
Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2007;86:457-464.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Reply to Chow and Chang
Pellegrini et al.
J. Nutr. 2007;137:1498-1498.
FULL TEXT  

An Accurate Risk Score Based on Anthropometric, Dietary, and Lifestyle Factors to Predict the Development of Type 2 Diabetes
Schulze et al.
Diabetes Care 2007;30:510-515.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Lifestyle Interventions Are Cost-Effective in People With Different Levels of Diabetes Risk: Results from a modeling study
Jacobs-van der Bruggen et al.
Diabetes Care 2007;30:128-134.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Development and Validation of a Food Frequency Questionnaire for the Assessment of Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity
Pellegrini et al.
J. Nutr. 2007;137:93-98.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Coffee and Sweetened Beverage Consumption and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Paynter et al.
Am J Epidemiol 2006;164:1075-1084.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Coffee and Cirrhosis: Active Ingredients?--Reply
Klatsky et al.
Arch Intern Med 2006;166:2405-2405.
FULL TEXT  

Coffee, diabetes, and weight control.
Greenberg et al.
Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2006;84:682-693.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Coffee consumption and markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in healthy and diabetic women.
Lopez-Garcia et al.
Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2006;84:888-893.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain: a systematic review.
Malik et al.
Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2006;84:274-288.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an 11-year prospective study of 28 812 postmenopausal women.
Pereira et al.
Arch Intern Med 2006;166:1311-1316.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Evaluation of the quality of prognosis studies in systematic reviews.
Hayden et al.
ANN INTERN MED 2006;144:427-437.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Changes in caffeine intake and long-term weight change in men and women
Lopez-Garcia et al.
Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2006;83:674-680.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Coffee, Caffeine, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A prospective cohort study in younger and middle-aged U.S. women
van Dam et al.
Diabetes Care 2006;29:398-403.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Coffee Consumption and Development of Type 2 Diabetes
Ross
JAMA 2005;294:2299-2299.
FULL TEXT  

What's new in the other general journals
Tonks
BMJ 2005;331:131-132.
FULL TEXT