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Steven G. Coca, DO; Harlan M. Krumholz, MD; Amit X. Garg, MD, PhD; Chirag R. Parikh, MD, PhD

JAMA. 2006;296:1377-1384.

Context  Patients with renal disease are at high risk for cardiovascular mortality. Determining which interventions best offset this risk remains a health priority.

Objective  To quantify the representation of patients with renal disease in randomized controlled trials for interventions proven efficacious for cardiovascular disease.

Data Sources  We searched MEDLINE for trials published from 1985 through 2005 in 11 major medical and subspecialty journals.

Study Selection  Randomized controlled trials for chronic congestive heart failure and acute myocardial infarction of treatments that are currently listed as class I or II recommendations in the current American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines were included.

Data Extraction  Two reviewers independently abstracted data on study and patient characteristics, renal measurements, outcomes, and prognostic features.

Data Synthesis  A total of 153 trials were reviewed. Patients with renal disease were reported as excluded in 86 (56%) trials. Patients with renal disease were more likely to be excluded from trials that were multicenter; of moderate enrollment size; North American; that tested renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system antagonists and anticoagulants; and that tested chronic congestive heart failure. Only 8 (5%) original articles reported the proportion of enrolled patients with renal disease, and only 15 (10%) reported mean baseline renal function. While 81 (53%) trials performed subgroup analyses of some baseline characteristic in the original article, only 4 (3%) subgroup analyses of treatment stratified by renal disease were performed.

Conclusion  Major cardiovascular disease trials frequently exclude patients with renal disease and do not provide adequate information on the renal function of enrollees or the effect of interventions on patients with renal disease.

Author Affiliations: Clinical Epidemiology Research Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Conn (Drs Coca and Parikh); Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (Drs Coca, Krumholz, and Parikh); and Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, London (Dr Garg).

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