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Salpingo-oophorectomy and the Risk of Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, and Peritoneal Cancers in Women With a BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutation
Amy Finch, MS;
Mario Beiner, MD;
Jan Lubinski, MD, PhD;
Henry T. Lynch, MD;
Pal Moller, MD;
Barry Rosen, MD;
Joan Murphy, MD;
Parviz Ghadirian, PhD;
Eitan Friedman, MD;
William D. Foulkes, MD;
Charmaine Kim-Sing, MD;
Teresa Wagner, MD;
Nadine Tung, MD;
Fergus Couch, PhD;
Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet, MD;
Peter Ainsworth, MD;
Mary Daly, MD;
Barbara Pasini, MD;
Ruth Gershoni-Baruch, MD;
Charis Eng, MD;
Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, MD;
Jane McLennan, MD;
Beth Karlan, MD;
Jeffrey Weitzel, MD;
Ping Sun, PhD;
Steven A. Narod, MD; for the Hereditary Ovarian Cancer Clinical Study Group
JAMA. 2006;296:185-192.
Context Women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation are often advised to undergo preventive oophorectomy. The effectiveness of this intervention has not been prospectively evaluated in a large cohort.
Objectives To estimate the incidence of ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancer in women who carry a deleterious mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2. To estimate the reduction in risk of these cancers associated with a bilateral prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy.
Design, Setting, and Participants Women known to carry a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation were identified from an international registry between 1992 and 2003. A total of 1828 carriers at 1 of 32 centers in Canada, the United States, Europe, and Israel completed questionnaires at baseline and follow-up. Participants were observed from the date of study entry until: diagnosis of ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer; death; or the date of the most recent follow-up.
Intervention Participants were divided into women who had undergone bilateral prophylactic oophorectomy and those who had not.
Main Outcome Measure The incidence of ovarian, peritoneal, and fallopian tube cancer was determined by survival analysis. The risk reduction associated with prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy was evaluated by a time-dependent survival analysis, adjusting for covariates.
Results After a mean follow-up of 3.5 years, 50 incident ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancer cases were reported in the cohort. Of the 1828 women, 555 (30%) underwent a bilateral prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy prior to study entry, 490 (27%) underwent the procedure after entering the study, and 783 (43%) did not undergo the procedure. There were 32 incident cancers diagnosed in women with intact ovaries (1015/100 000 per year). Eleven cancer cases were identified at the time of prophylactic oophorectomy and 7 were diagnosed following prophylactic oophorectomy (217/100 000 per year). The estimated cumulative incidence of peritoneal cancer is 4.3% at 20 years after oophorectomy. The overall (adjusted) reduction in cancer risk associated with bilateral oophorectomy is 80% (multivariate hazard ratio = 0.20; 95% confidence interval, 0.07-0.58; P = .003).
Conclusion Oophorectomy is associated with reduced risk of ovarian and fallopian tube cancer in high-risk women, although there is a substantial residual risk for peritoneal cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers following prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy.
Author Affiliations: Centre for Research in Women's Health, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario (Ms Finch, Drs Beiner, Sun, and Narod); Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland (Dr Lubinski); Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Neb (Dr Lynch); Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway (Dr Moller); Department of Gynecology Oncology, University Health Network, University of Toronto (Drs Rosen and Murphy); Department of Cancer Genetics, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Epidemiology Research Unit, CHUM Hôtel-Dieu, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec (Dr Ghadirian); Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel (Dr Friedman); Program in Cancer Genetics, Department of Oncology and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec (Dr Foulkes); BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver; British Columbia (Dr Kim-Sing); Division of Senology, Medical University of Vienna and Private Trust for Breast Health, Vienna, Austria (Dr Wagner); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass (Dr Tung); Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minn (Dr Couch); Institute Marie Curie, Paris, France (Dr Stoppa-Lyonnet); London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario (Dr Ainsworth); Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pa (Dr Daly); Universita di Torino, Italy (Dr Pasini); Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (Dr Gershoni-Baruch); Ohio State University, Columbus, Cleveland Clinic Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland, Ohio (Dr Eng); University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (Dr Olopade); Cancer Risk Program, San Francisco, Calif (Dr McLennan); Division of Gynecology Oncology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (Dr Karlan); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, Calif (Dr Weitzel).
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