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Jacques Villon (1875-1964), Le Philosophe, 1930, French. Oil on canvas. 100.6x80.9 cm. Courtesy of The Brooklyn Museum of Art, Brooklyn, NY (http://www.brooklynart.org); gift of Gerda Stein.

The oldest of the Duchamp artist-brothers, Jacques Villon (née Gaston Duchamp) (1875-1963) is probably the least well-known of the three. Yet it is he who has been the most enduring, perhaps even the greatest. (Raymond, a sculptor, had his career cut short when he was killed in 1918 during World War I; Marcel cut his own career short, also in 1918, when he virtually ceased painting to devote his life to chess [JAMA cover, May 6, 1998].)

Because he gave at least as much attention to the theory behind the art as to the making of the work itself, Villon has often been called "the painter's painter." It was he who studied the science behind the color and . . . [Full Text of this Article]