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Donald P. Orr, MD; J. Dennis Fortenberry, MD, MS

JAMA. 1998;280:564-565.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text and any section headings.

Genital infections due to Chlamydia trachomatis are a serious public health problem in the United States. Chlamydia infections remain the most common treatable sexually transmitted infection (STI), with highest prevalence among adolescent females,¹ although the disease prevalence is declining.² Screening and treating sexually active adolescent females for C trachomatis reduce the disease prevalence and prevent complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease.^3-4 Modeling studies estimate that screening is cost-effective under widely varying circumstances. The benefits depend on the prevalence of infection in the population and the specific diagnostic test used.⁵ Efforts to identify criteria for targeted screening uniformly find age to be the most important risk factor. Moreover, chlamydia reinfection—often within a few months of initial infection—is common and increases the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease.⁶ These findings are the basis for recommendations of routine annual screening for sexually active adolescent females . . . [Full Text of this Article]

From the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis.

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