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Lynne M. Mofenson, MD

JAMA. 1999;282:577-579.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text and any section headings.

In February 1994, the results of a clinical trial that would change the face of the pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in the United States were announced. The trial, Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group (PACTG) protocol 076, demonstrated that a zidovudine regimen given to HIV-infected women during pregnancy and labor and to the neonate for the first 6 weeks of life could reduce the risk of perinatal transmission by two thirds—from 26% in placebo to 8% in zidovudine recipients.¹

This trial provided the first major breakthrough in the prevention of HIV transmission. A US Public Health Service task force was rapidly convened to develop guidelines for the use of zidovudine to reduce perinatal transmission; these guidelines were published in August 1994.² Significant declines in perinatal transmission were observed as early as 1995 due to the rapid incorporation of this regimen into clinical practice.³ While it . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Author Affiliation: Pediatric, Adolescent and Maternal AIDS Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Md.

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