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To the Editor: In a randomized controlled trial of interleukin 2 (IL-2) in combination with antiretroviral therapy (ART) for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, Dr Davey and colleagues¹ observed a larger decrease in viral load with IL-2 plus ART compared with ART alone (control arm). The authors suggest that IL-2 was responsible for this better control of viral load.

One of the main factors determining viral load decrease and control with ART is compliance. It is possible that patients in the IL-2 plus ART arm were more compliant with ART than patients in the control arm because they might have received more frequent, intense, and specific recommendations on the importance of taking ART combined with IL-2. It also is possible that patients who completed the study were more compliant in the IL-2 plus ART arm than in the control arm because, according to Figure 1, 9 of 39 . . . [Full Text of this Article]