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To the Editor: Amoebic encephalitis is a potentially lethal infection caused by several genera of amoeba, including Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba species, Balamuthia mandrillaris, or Entamoeba histolytica.^1-3 We report a case of amoebic encephalitis caused by Sappinia diploidea, a species from a genus of free-living amoeba not previously known to be pathogenic to humans.

Report of a Case

A 38-year-old white male presented with a history of loss of consciousness, emesis, bifrontal headache, photophobia, and blurry vision following a sinus infection. The patient resided on a small Texas farm and he often engaged in the handling of grazing animals. He was otherwise healthy and not immunosuppressed.

Magnetic resonance images of the brain showed a solitary 2-cm mass in the posterior left temporal lobe with slight ring enhancement. The lesion was excised surgically, and cryosections showed necrotizing hemorrhagic inflammation that contained trophozoites of a free-living amoeba. Trophozoites were 40 to 60 µm . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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