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JAMA. 2001;285:1149-1150.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text and any section headings.

MMWR. 2001;50:59-61

In the early 1990s, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection associated with possible reuse of syringes and needles was reported among children in Romanian orphanages.¹ These findings led health-care workers to use new disposable syringes and needles for administering injections. By the late 1990s, reports suggested that new disposable syringes and needles had become standard for all injections. However, surveillance data collected by the Romanian Ministry of Health (MoH) during 1997-1998 indicated that acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was associated with receiving injections among children aged <5 years.² In Romania, injection frequently is used to administer medication, and nurses administer most injections.³ To identify the practices that might have resulted in injection-associated HBV transmission, selected clinic and hospital nurses were surveyed. This report summarizes the findings of the survey, which indicated that although nurses used new disposable syringes and needles, other inadequate infection-control practices might explain injection-associated HBV . . . [Full Text of this Article]