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Fred M. Kusumoto, MD; Nora Goldschlager, MD

JAMA. 2002;287:1848-1852.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text and any section headings.

INTRODUCTION

Since the introduction of the implantable pacemaker in 1958 and the implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) in 1980, implantable devices for rhythm control are now commonly used for treating bradycardia and certain types of ventricular arrhythmias. The first pacemakers and ICDs were large devices (40-200 cm³) that required a prolonged hospitalization for implantation and postoperative recovery, and had few programmable features. In contrast, the current devices are significantly smaller (9-45 cm³), can be implanted on an outpatient basis, and provide a myriad of programming options to optimize therapy. During the last several years, the actual and potential indications for pacemaker and ICD implantation have expanded significantly as results from several large clinical trials have become available. These advances have led to increased patient and physician acceptance and a steady increase in implantation rates. In 1997, 153 000 new pacemakers and 29 000 . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Cardiac Pacemakers

Sinus Node Dysfunction

AV Conduction Abnormalities

Cardiomyopathy

Autonomic Nervous System Disorders

Prevention of AF

Defibrillators

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Conclusion

Author Affiliations: Electrophysiology and Pacing Service, Department of Medicine, Lovelace Medical Center and Division of Cardiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (Dr Kusumoto) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco (Dr Goldschlager).

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