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Guide to the Evidence

Paul E. Mazmanian, PhD; David A. Davis, MD

JAMA. 2002;288:1057-1060.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text and any section headings.

INTRODUCTION

One faculty member in a professional school referred to continuing education as "shouting out of windows," and an analysis of the programs at his institution shows the aptness of his metaphor: Faculty members who can be persuaded to do so give lectures on subjects of their own choosing to audiences they do not know, who have assembled only because they want to put in enough hours of classroom attendance so that they can meet a relicensure requirement. As a result, every profession now has members who vigorously oppose what they regard as the excessive promotion of continuing education.—Cyril O. Houle, 1980¹

A New Definition of CME

Needs Assessment: Precursor to Change

Interactive Learning and Opportunities to Practice

Sequenced and Multifaceted Activities

Outcome Evaluation

Conclusions

Author Affiliations: Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (Dr Mazmanian); and Departments of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, and Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario (Dr Davis).

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