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Lewis Spitz, MD, PhD, FRCS; Edward M. Kiely, FRCS

JAMA. 2003;289:1307-1310.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text and any section headings.

INTRODUCTION

Conjoined twins have been viewed with fascination since antiquity. Interest has ranged from suspicion and fear of the birth being an omen of impending disaster to exhibitionism and more recently as a subject of intense media interest.

Historical Aspects

The earliest example of conjoined twins is a 17-cm marble statuette portraying parapagus twins, "the double goddess," dating from the sixth millennium BC. The statue of sisters of Catathoyuk is housed in the Anatolian Civilisation Museum in Ankara, Turkey.¹ Another early example is a stone carving of pygopagus twins dated to 80 BC discovered in Fiesole and housed in the San Marco Museum in Florence, Italy. The earliest attempt at separation of conjoined twins took place in Kappadokia, Armenia, in AD 970. When 1 of the male ischiopagus twins died at the age of 30 years, an attempt was made to save the surviving . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Incidence

Classification

Embryology

Diagnosis

Management

Investigations

Anesthetic Management

Principles of the Operative Procedure

Postoperative Management

Conclusion

Author Affiliations: Department of Paediatric Surgery, Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, England.

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