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The World Trade Center Disaster and Intrauterine Growth Restriction
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To the Editor: Exposure to air pollution has been associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)1-2 and preterm births.3 Similarly, high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adducts in umbilical cord leukocytes (which are related to prenatal exposure to air pollution) also have been associated with reduced size at birth.4
The destruction of the World Trade Center (WTC) in New York City on September 11, 2001, released a toxic atmospheric plume that contained soot, benzene, PAHs, heavy metals, pulverized glass and cement, and alkaline particulates. We evaluated whether exposure to these materials in lower Manhattan was related to impaired fetal growth or other adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Methods
We established a cohort study of 187 women who were pregnant and present in 1 of 5 exposure zones near the WTC at 9 AM on that day or within the succeeding 3 weeks. Most participants were self-referred in response to media publicity of our . . . [Full Text of this Article]
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