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Assessing Exposure to Toxic Gases in Bhopal—Reply
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In Reply: In response to Dr Dhara, all exposed individuals in our study lived in Kainchi Chhola township, facing the Union Carbide plant toward the northeast and within 1 km of the plant—not 6 to 8 km south of the plant as he suggests. We had previously found a 43% rate of pregnancy loss in 3270 families1 and 568 deaths in 2622 households2 in this and in adjoining townships. Exposure to gases was ascertained by checking documents such as family ration cards used in December 1984, reference sheets of the survey carried out in early 1985 by the Tata Institute of Social Sciences, and medical records mentioning exposure-related symptoms, as well as verification by members of the local Health Committee. It was assumed that children aged 2 years or younger would have been near their mothers, and thus that postnatal exposure of children could be inferred from their mothers' exposure.
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Daya R. Varma, MD, PhD
Department of Pharmacology
McGill University
Montreal, Quebec
Nishant Ranjan, BA;
Satinath Sarangi, MTech
Sambhavana Clinic
Bhopal, India
Steve Holleran, BA;
Rajasekhar Ramakrishnan, ScD
Department of Pediatrics
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
New York, NY
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