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	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text and any section headings.

To the Editor: The burden of atopic and inflammatory disease is escalating in developed countries, in inverse relation to infectious diseases.¹ Mechanisms by which exposure to infections may promote balanced immunological development are being explored² and trials of therapeutic helminth parasites have been initiated for asthma and inflammatory bowel disease.^3-4 In developing countries, advocacy for deworming is increasing, and treatment with anthelmintics targeting hookworm anemia is recommended after the first trimester of pregnancy.^5-7 During a trial⁸ to determine the effects of deworming during pregnancy on immune responses and infectious disease incidence in infants, we noted an unexpectedly high incidence of infantile eczema. Therefore, we examined associations between maternal helminth parasites and deworming and infantile eczema.

Methods

We enrolled 103 women who were in their second trimester of pregnancy in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial at Entebbe Hospital, Entebbe, Uganda, between June and August 2002. Immediately after randomization, participants were treated with . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Alison M. Elliott, MD
alison.tom@infocom.co.ug
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
London, England

Harriet Mpairwe, MBChB
Uganda Virus Research Institute
Entebbe

Maria A. Quigley, MSc
National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit
Oxford University
Oxford, England

Margaret Nampijja, MBChB; Lawrence Muhangi, BStat; James Oweka-Onyee, Dip Med Tech (microbiology)
Uganda Virus Research Institute
Entebbe

Moses Muwanga, MBChB
Entebbe Hospital
Entebbe, Uganda

Juliet Ndibazza, MBChB
Uganda Virus Research Institute
Entebbe

James A. G. Whitworth, MD
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
London, England

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