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To the Editor: Men typically have more visceral fat and atherogenic plasma lipids than women,¹ contributing to an increased risk of ischemic heart disease. This pattern has been attributed to sex steroids, but other factors may be important. A disparity in X chromosome gene expression may influence sex-specific differences in lipid metabolism and coronary artery disease.²

Genomic imprinting involves the selective expression of certain genes determined by their parental origin, often associated with DNA methylation of imprinted, or silenced, alleles.³ Genomic imprinting of X-linked genes could result in different gene expression in males and females, since females are normally mosaic for maternally and paternally inherited active X chromosomes (X^M and X^P), while men are monosomic for X^M. Genes imprinted (silenced) on X^M would still be expressed in females from cells in which the X^P is active, but not expressed at all in males. Evidence for the imprinting of . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Methods

Phillip L. Van, MS; Vladimir K. Bakalov, MD
Developmental Endocrinology Branch
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, Md

Andrew R. Zinn, MD, PhD
McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development
University of Texas Southwestern Medical School
Dallas

Carolyn A. Bondy, MD
bondyc@mail.nih.gov
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda

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