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In Reply: Dr Thurston asks whether our approach could be used to investigate if achieving the newly proposed 24-hour average National Ambient Air Quality Standard for PM_2.5 of 35 µg/m³ would eliminate the public health risk associated with short-term exposure to PM_2.5. To address this question, we have reestimated the national average relative rates by using only data for days with PM_2.5 levels of less than 35 µg/m³ and used the identical methods as reported in the article. The Table shows results using the entire data set from Table 1 of our article and from this restricted analysis. Despite the diminished statistical power, we still find statistically significant associations between short-term exposure to PM_2.5 and hospital admissions for cerebrovascular disease, heart failure, and respiratory tract infections, as well as an association with heart rhythm (which was not significant in the original analysis). Although this is a post hoc analysis, . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Francesca Dominici, PhD
fdominic@jhsph.edu

Roger D. Peng, PhD
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Baltimore, Md

Michelle L. Bell, PhD
Yale University School of Forestry and Environmental Studies
New Haven, Conn

Luu Pham, MS; Aidan McDermott, PhD; Scott L. Zeger, PhD; Jonathan M. Samet, MD
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

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