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Relative Child Poverty, Income Inequality, Wealth, and Health
Eric Emerson, PhD
JAMA. 2009;301(4):425-426.
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Abundant evidence now suggests that living in relative poverty and exposure to relative income inequality, especially in childhood, may have a detrimental influence on health and well-being during childhood and across the life course. This Commentary discusses the importance of relative poverty in childhood and the implications of income inequality for population health.
Child relative poverty (ie, children living in a household with relative income poverty) appears to be a potentially important indicator for children's health. Relative income poverty is commonly defined as having equivalized household income of less than 50% of the national median.1 Equivalization is calculated by dividing household income by an indicator of household composition or need, for example, the square root of the number of individuals living in the household.2 Child relative poverty is strongly related to overall income inequality as measured by the Gini coefficient, which reflects inequalities in the distribution of . . . [Full Text of this Article]
Author Affiliations: Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, England; and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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