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Lyle R. Petersen, MD, MPH; Anthony A. Marfin, MD, MPH; Duane J. Gubler, ScD

JAMA. 2003;290:524-528.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text and any section headings.

INTRODUCTION

West Nile virus (WNV) emerged from relative obscurity in 1999 when the first incursion of the virus into North America caused an outbreak of meningoencephalitis leading to 7 deaths in the New York City area.¹ By 2002, human and veterinary surveillance documented geographic spread westward to the Pacific Coast. In the same year, WNV caused the largest arboviral meningoencephalitis outbreak ever recorded in North America.²

Virology

West Nile virus is a single-stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, within the Japanese encephalitis virus antigenic complex. This complex includes several viruses associated with human encephalitis: St Louis encephalitis virus in the Americas, Japanese encephalitis virus in East Asia, and Murray Valley encephalitis virus and Kunjin virus (a subtype of WNV) in Australia.^3-4 Two lineages of WNV exist. Only viruses belonging to lineage 1 are . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Ecology

Epidemiology

Transmission to Humans

Clinical Illness

Clinical Outcome

Pathogenesis

Diagnosis

Treatment and Prevention

Future Perspective

Author Affiliations: Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services, Fort Collins, Colo.

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