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JAMA. 1999;281:1239-1240.

Physicians in the United States, Canada, and Mexico
Physicians with current and valid licenses in the United States, Canada, or Mexico who read any 3 of the selected continuing medical education (CME) articles in this issue of JAMA, complete the CME Evaluation Form, and fax it to the number or mail it to the address at the bottom of the CME Evaluation Form are eligible for category 1 CME credit. There is no charge.

The American Medical Association (AMA) is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to sponsor CME for physicians. The AMA designates this educational activity for up to 1 hour of category 1 CME credit per JAMA issue toward the AMA Physician's Recognition Award (PRA). Each physician should claim for credit only those hours that were actually spent in this educational activity.

Physicians in Other Countries
Physicians with current and valid licenses in the United States, Mexico, or Canada are eligible for CME credit even if they live or practice in other countries. Physicians licensed in other countries are also welcome to participate in this CME activity. However, the PRA is available only to physicians licensed in the United States, Canada, or Mexico.

Earning Credit and the CME Evaluation Form
To earn credit, read 3 of the articles listed below that are designated for CME credit carefully and complete the CME Evaluation Form. The CME Evaluation Form must be submitted within 1 month of the issue date. A certificate awarding 1 hour of category 1 CME credit will be faxed or mailed to you; it is then your responsibility to maintain a record of credit received.

One of our goals is to assess continually the educational needs of our readers so we may enhance the educational effectiveness of JAMA. To achieve this goal, we need your help. You must complete the CME Evaluation Form to receive credit.

Statement of Educational Purpose
JAMA is a general medical journal. Its mission and educational purpose is to promote the science and art of medicine and the betterment of the public health. A flexible curriculum of article topics is developed annually by THE JOURNAL's editorial board and is then supplemented throughout the year with information gained from readers, authors, reviewers, and editors. To accommodate the diversity of practice types within JAMA's readership, the Reader's Choice CME activity allows readers, as adult learners, to determine their own educational needs and to assist the editors in addressing their needs in future issues.

Readers of JAMA should be able to attain the following educational objectives: (1) select and read at least 3 articles in 1 issue to gain new medical information on topics of particular interest to them as physicians, (2) assess the articles' value to them as practicing physicians, and (3) think carefully about how this new information may influence their own practices. The educational objective for each CME article is given after the article title below.

CME Articles in This Issue of JAMA
The following articles in this issue may be read for CME credit:

Improved Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survival Through the Inexpensive Optimization of an Existing Defibrillation Program: OPALS Study Phase II (SEE ARTICLE)

Educational Objective: To learn that rapid prehospital defibrillation improves survival.

Influence of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Prior to Defibrillation in Patients With Out-of-Hospital Ventricular Fibrillation (SEE ARTICLE)

Educational Objective: To learn that CPR given before defibrillation may improve survival.

Distribution of and Factors Associated With Serum Homocysteine Levels in Children: Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (SEE ARTICLE)

Educational Objective: To learn that homocysteine and vitamin levels may be correlated in children.

Effect of Estrogen on Brain Activation Patterns in Postmenopausal Women During Working Memory Tasks (SEE ARTICLE)

Educational Objective: To learn that estrogen treatment may affect memory function in postmenopausal women.

Relationship Between Fasting Plasma Glucose and Glycosylated Hemoglobin: Potential for False-Positive Diagnoses of Type 2 Diabetes Using New Diagnostic Criteria (SEE ARTICLE)

Educational Objective: To learn about clinical implications of new diagnostic guidelines for diabetes.

An International Study of Patient Compliance With Hemodialysis (SEE ARTICLE)

Educational Objective: To learn that noncompliance with hemodialysis therapy may be more common in the United States than in Japan or Sweden.

Users' Guides to the Medical Literature: XV. How to Use an Article About Disease Probability for Differential Diagnosis (SEE ARTICLE)

Educational Objective: To understand how to search medical literature to construct a differential diagnosis.

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RELATED ARTICLES

Improved Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survival Through the Inexpensive Optimization of an Existing Defibrillation Program: OPALS Study Phase II
Ian G. Stiell, George A. Wells, Brian J. Field III, Daniel W. Spaite, Valerie J. De Maio, Roxanne Ward, Douglas P. Munkley, Marion B. Lyver, Lorraine G. Luinstra, Tony Campeau, Justin Maloney, Eugene Dagnone, and for the OPALS Study Group
JAMA. 1999;281(13):1175-1181.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Influence of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Prior to Defibrillation in Patients With Out-of-Hospital Ventricular Fibrillation
Leonard A. Cobb, Carol E. Fahrenbruch, Thomas R. Walsh, Michael K. Copass, Michele Olsufka, Maryann Breskin, and Alfred P. Hallstrom
JAMA. 1999;281(13):1182-1188.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Distribution of and Factors Associated With Serum Homocysteine Levels in Children: Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health
Stavroula K. Osganian, Meir J. Stampfer, Donna Spiegelman, Eric Rimm, Jeffrey A. Cutler, Henry A. Feldman, Deanna H. Montgomery, Larry S. Webber, Leslie A. Lytle, Linda Bausserman, and Philip R. Nader
JAMA. 1999;281(13):1189-1196.
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Effect of Estrogen on Brain Activation Patterns in Postmenopausal Women During Working Memory Tasks
Sally E. Shaywitz, Bennett A. Shaywitz, Kenneth R. Pugh, Robert K. Fulbright, Pawel Skudlarski, W. Einar Mencl, R. Todd Constable, Frederick Naftolin, Steven F. Palter, Karen E. Marchione, Leonard Katz, Donald P. Shankweiler, Jack M. Fletcher, Cheryl Lacadie, Martin Keltz, and John C. Gore
JAMA. 1999;281(13):1197-1202.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Relationship Between Fasting Plasma Glucose and Glycosylated Hemoglobin: Potential for False-Positive Diagnoses of Type 2 Diabetes Using New Diagnostic Criteria
Mayer B. Davidson, David L. Schriger, Anne L. Peters, and Brett Lorber
JAMA. 1999;281(13):1203-1210.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

An International Study of Patient Compliance With Hemodialysis
Anthony J. Bleyer, Britta Hylander, Hiroshi Sudo, Yasuo Nomoto, Ernesto de la Torre, Randolph A. Chen, and John M. Burkart
JAMA. 1999;281(13):1211-1213.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Users' Guides to the Medical Literature: XV. How to Use an Article About Disease Probability for Differential Diagnosis
W. Scott Richardson, Mark C. Wilson, Gordon H. Guyatt, Deborah J. Cook, James Nishikawa, and for the Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group
JAMA. 1999;281(13):1214-1219.
EXTRACT | FULL TEXT