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JAMA. 1970;213(11):1892-1893.

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Sigmund Freud, native of Freiberg, Moravia, and son of a wool merchant, was closely associated throughout his life with the culture and learning of Vienna during its greatest period in contemporary times. Freud was a brilliant student and led his class in scholarship in the Gymnasium. At the age of 17 he entered the University of Vienna and received the MD degree in 1881.¹ He was particularly adept in languages, which included French, English, Italian, Spanish, and Hebrew, and showed especial interest in philosophy. Although his courses followed the medical curriculum, he leaned to biology. Before the age of 20 Freud began the first of his researches on marine life in Brücke's laboratory. Later he worked in Meynert's laboratory, where his investigations on the medulla were carried out and where, in 1884, he suggested the anesthetic possibilities of cocaine in ophthalmologic practice. However, the credit historically goes to the . . . [Full Text PDF of this Article]

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