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Radiological (Computed Tomographic) Features

Charles M. Elkin, MD; Eduardo Leon, MD; Steven L. Grenell, MD; Norman E. Leeds, MD

JAMA. 1985;253(3):393-396.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text PDF and any section headings.

AS A result of a marked decrease in cell-mediated immunity, patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are devastated by multiple opportunistic infections and neoplasms. While the etiology remains unproven, the mortality approaches 100%.¹ Most patients present with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and/or Kaposi's sarcoma. Neurological signs and symptoms occur in 30% to 75% of cases, varying from weakness and paresthesias to progressive dementia, seizures, focal deficits, and hallucinations.^2,3

Pathogens that have been implicated in the involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) include Toxoplasma gondii,⁴Cryptococcus neoformans,⁴ papovavirus,⁵Candida albicans,² cytomegalovirus,¹Mycobacterium tuberculosis,⁶Aspergillis fumigatus,³ and possibly Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare.² Primary CNS lymphoma,⁷ secondary involvement of the CNS by systemic lymphoma,² plasmacytoma,² and Kaposi's sarcoma⁸ constitute the usual neoplasms observed in AIDS. Thrombocytopenia in patients with AIDS predisposes them to cerebral hemorrhage, while nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis results . . . [Full Text PDF of this Article]

Author Affiliations
From the Departments of Radiology (Drs Elkin, Leeds, and Leon), and Neurology (Dr Grenell), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Moses Division, Bronx, NY.

Footnotes
Reprint requests to Departments of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, 111 E 210 St, Bronx, NY 10467 (Dr Elkin).

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