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Robert W. Goldmann, MD

JAMA. 1986;255(22):3154-3156.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text PDF and any section headings.

PNEUMOCEPHALUS has been noted in a variety of medical and surgical conditions. The most common etiology is accidental and iatrogenic craniofacial trauma, with an incidence of 74.9% in an extensive review of 295 cases by Markham.¹ Other causes include neoplasm (osteomas,² epidermoid tumors,³ and pituitary tumors), spinal anesthesia.⁴ infection,⁵ and neurilemoma.⁶ No cases of pneumocephalus associated with rapid pressure change have been documented previously, although Markham did report a patient in whom symptoms were exacerbated during altitude changes of some 540 m (1,800 ft). We report the case of a previously healthy scuba diver who experienced pneumocephalus likely on the basis of air trapping and barotrauma.

Report of a Case

A 26-year-old healthy male scuba diving instructor was referred to the St Luke's Hospital (Milwaukee) Department of Hyperbaric Medicine by the Duke University Divers Alert Network. The patient had been engaged in fresh water . . . [Full Text PDF of this Article]

Author Affiliations
From the Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, St Luke's Hospital, Milwaukee.

Footnotes
Reprint requests to Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, St Luke's Hospital, 2900 W Oklahoma Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53215 (Dr Goldmann).

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