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Stephen R. Kaufman, MD
Medical Research Modernization Committee New York, NY

JAMA. 1989;262(24):3404.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text PDF and any section headings.

To the Editor.—

To the uninformed reader, the historical review "Animals in Research"¹ provides a compelling case for continued animal research. However, one should be suspicious of any conclusions of the American Medical Association, which has publicly aligned itself politically with the National Association for Biomedical Research,^1,2 an advocacy group devoted to the interests of animal researchers. Many medical historians, who do not share the American Medical Association's political agenda and who merely attempt to describe medical history accurately, have come to strikingly different opinions.

Careful analysis has demonstrated that key discoveries in cancer therapy,³ immunology,⁴ and anesthesia⁵ have resulted from clinical research, observation of patients, or human autopsies. Beeson⁶ concluded: "Progress in the understanding and management of human disease must begin, and end, with studies of man.... Hepatitis, although an almost 'pure' example of progress by the study of man, is by no . . . [Full Text PDF of this Article]

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