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Alastair Hay, PhD
The Old Medical School University of Leeds Leeds, United Kingdom

Gwynne Roberts
Roberts & Wickham Productions London, United Kingdom

JAMA. 1990;263(8):1065-1066.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text PDF and any section headings.

To the Editor.—

In November 1988, one of us (G.R.), a journalist, secretly entered Iraq to collect samples from an area reputed by Kurdish refugees to have been attacked with chemical warfare agents; results of an epidemiologic investigation on the refugees are reported in the August 4 issue of JAMA.¹ Members of the Kurdistan Democratic Party organized the expedition over territory held by Iraqi forces.

The mountainous location visited was 16 km west-southwest of the confluence of the frontiers of Iraq, Turkey, and Iran. Temperatures fell below 0°C at night and rose to 5°C to 6°C during the day. There had been some rain in the area.

At the site, a large, thin-walled metal bomb was found embedded in the ground. The bomb had ruptured so soil was excavated from under it and placed in a brown, plastic, screw-top jar (sample 1). Two metal fragments were removed from inside . . . [Full Text PDF of this Article]

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