This Article  • References  • Full text PDF  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in JAMA  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

John E. Franklin, MD

JAMA. 1995;273(21):1656-1657.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text PDF and any section headings.

Diagnoses for substance dependence and abuse have been modified in the latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV)¹ published by the American Psychiatric Association. Substance dependence is defined as a maladaptive pattern of use, leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by three (or more) of the following symptoms occurring at any time in the same 12-month period: (1) tolerance; (2) withdrawal; (3) substance taken for longer periods or in larger amounts than intended; (4) persistent or unsuccessful efforts to cut down on use; (5) a great deal of time spent in activities necessary to obtain the substance or recover from its effects; (6) important social, occupational, or recreational activities given up or reduced because of use; and/or (7) continued use despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem likely to be caused or exacerbated by the substance. . . . [Full Text PDF of this Article]

Author Affiliations
Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, III

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter     What's this?