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New Guidelines

Jonathan E. Kaplan, MD; Henry Masur, MD; Harold W. Jaffe, MD; King K. Holmes, MD, PhD

JAMA. 1995;274(4):347-348.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text PDF and any section headings.

As many as 1 million individuals in the United States are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).¹ For these persons, and especially for the approximately 250 000 who have severe immunosuppression as measured by a CD4⁺ lymphocyte count below 0.20x10⁹/L (200/µL) (includes persons with [T. Green, PhD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), unpublished results, 1994] and without² AIDS-defining illnesses) opportunistic infections exact a heavy toll in terms of quality and length of life. Among patients with severe immunosuppression, the cumulative risk of serious opportunistic infection has been estimated to be 33% after 1 year and 58% after 2 years.³ In addition to the morbidity and mortality associated with these opportunistic infections, treatment of these illnesses costs billions of dollars annually.

The last 5 years have witnessed a gratifying surge in our knowledge of the environmental sources of opportunistic pathogens, ways to reduce . . . [Full Text PDF of this Article]

Author Affiliations
From the National Center for Infectious Diseases (Drs Kaplan and Jaffe) and the National Center for Prevention Services (Dr Kaplan), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga; the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (Dr Masur); and the Center for AIDS and STDs, University of Washington, Seattle (Dr Holmes).

Footnotes
Reprint requests to Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Mailstop G-29, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333 (Dr Kaplan).

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