Patients were grouped according to their predicted 5-year survival. A, The survival advantage with lung transplantation begins to be evident at approximately 18 months posttransplantation. B, Transplanted patients had a survival benefit that is equivocal. C, Transplanted patients had a decreased survival in the early postoperative period and never improved relative to the control group. D, Transplant recipients had a significantly lower 5-year survival than control patients. E, Transplant recipients in the highest predicted survival group were few in number but had the largest decrease in survival due to lung transplantation. F, Survival was superior for nontransplanted control patients during the first 2.5 years of follow-up. Survival benefit due to transplantation was not seen for 4 years.