Mortality Differences Between Men and Women Following First Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Context.— Mortality after acute myocardial infarction is worse in women than in men, even after adjustment for comorbidity and age dissimilarities between sexes.

Objective.— To assess the influence of sex on survival after acute myocardial infarction.

Design.— Inception cohort obtained in a prospective registry of patients with acute myocardial infarction from 1992 through 1994.

Setting.— Four teaching hospitals in northeastern Spain.

Patients.— All consecutive patients aged 80 years or younger with first acute myocardial infarction. A total of 331 women and 1129 men were included.

Main Outcome Measure.— Survival at 28 days and mortality or readmission at 6 months.

Results.— Women were older (mean, 68.6 vs 60.1 years), presented more often with diabetes (52.9% vs 23.3%), hypertension (63.9% vs 42.3%), or previous angina (44.6% vs 37.4%), and developed more severe myocardial infarctions than men (acute pulmonary edema or cardiogenic shock occurred in 24.8% of women and 10.5% of men) (all P<.02). Men were more likely than women to receive thrombolytic therapy (41.3% vs 23.9%; P<.001), but rates of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and coronary artery bypass graft surgery at 28 days were similar among men and women. The 28-day mortality rate was significantly higher among women (18.5% for women, 8.3% for men; P<.001). Revascularization procedures at 6 months were performed in a similar proportion of women and men. However, women had higher 6-month mortality rates (25.8% in women, 10.8% in men; P<.001) and readmission rates (23.3% for women, 12.2% for men; P<.001). After adjustment, women had greater risk of death than men at 28 days (odds ratio [OR], 1.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-2.65) and at 6 months (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.18-2.52).

Conclusions.— In this study population, women experienced more lethal and severe first acute myocardial infarction than men, regardless of comorbidity, age, or previous angina.