Childbirth
- Janet M. Torpy, MD, Writer;
- Cassio Lynm, MA, Illustrator;
- Richard M. Glass, MD, Editor
Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text.
A typical pregnancy lasts about 40 weeks (9 months) from a woman's last menstrual period. During this time, the fetus develops inside the mother's uterus (womb). As the pregnancy approaches term, the uterus changes and begins to have contractions in the process of labor leading to childbirth. Obstetricians are doctors trained in the health care of pregnant women, including methods of delivery. Nurse midwives are registered nurses who specialize in the care of pregnant women, including labor and nonoperative methods of delivery. The May 4, 2005, issue of JAMA includes an article about episiotomy (an incision to widen the opening of the vagina) during the childbirth process.
TYPES OF CHILDBIRTH
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Spontaneous vaginal birth—the baby is born through the vagina, usually with only guidance and assistance by the doctor or midwife.
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Vacuum-assisted vaginal birth—a suction (vacuum) device is placed on the baby's head to help the baby's body transit the birth canal.
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Forceps-assisted vaginal …
