Effect of Glucose-Insulin-Potassium Infusion on Mortality in Patients With Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
The CREATE-ECLA Randomized Controlled Trial
- The CREATE-ECLA Trial Group Investigators*
- *Authors/Writing Committee: Shamir R. Mehta, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario; Salim Yusuf, MBBS, DPhil, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences; Rafael Díaz, MD, Estudios Cardiologica Latin America, Rosario, Argentina; Jun Zhu, MD, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Hypertension League Institute, Beijing, China; Prem Pais, MD, MSc, St John’s Medical College National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India; Denis Xavier, MD, St John’s Medical College National Academy of Health Sciences; Ernesto Paolasso, MD, Estudios Cardiologica Latin America; Rashid Ahmed, BScH, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences; Changchun Xie, PhD, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences; Khawar Kazmi, MD, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; Javed Tai, MD, Aga Khan University; Andrés Orlandini, MD, Estudios Cardiologica Latin America; Janice Pogue, MSc, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences; Lisheng Liu, MD, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Hypertension League Institute.
- Corresponding Author: Shamir R. Mehta, MD, MSc, FRCPC, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, 237 Barton St E, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8L 2X2 (smehta{at}mcmaster.ca).
Abstract
Context Glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) infusion is a widely applicable, low-cost therapy that has been postulated to improve mortality in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Given the potential global importance of GIK infusion, a large, adequately powered randomized trial is required to determine the effect of GIK on mortality in patients with STEMI.
Objective To determine the effect of high-dose GIK infusion on mortality in patients with STEMI.
Design, Setting, and Participants Randomized controlled trial conducted in 470 centers worldwide among 20 201 patients with STEMI who presented within 12 hours of symptom onset. The mean age of patients was 58.6 years, and evidence-based therapies were commonly used.
Intervention Patients were randomly assigned to receive GIK intravenous infusion for 24 hours plus usual care (n = 10 091) or to receive usual care alone (controls; n = 10 110).
Main Outcome Measures Mortality, cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock, and reinfarction at 30 days after randomization.
Results At 30 days, 976 control patients (9.7%) and 1004 GIK infusion patients (10.0%) died (hazard ratio [HR], 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95-1.13; P = .45). There were no significant differences in the rates of cardiac arrest (1.5% [151/10 107] in control and 1.4% [139/10 088] in GIK infusion; HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.74-1.17; P = .51), cardiogenic shock (6.3% [640/10 107] vs 6.6% [667/10 088]; HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.94-1.17; P = .38), or reinfarction (2.4% [246/10 107] vs 2.3% [236/10 088]; HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.82-1.17; P = .81). The rates of heart failure at 7 days after randomization were also similar between the groups (16.9% [1711/10 107] vs 17.1% [1721/10 088]; HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.95-1.08; P = .72). The lack of benefit of GIK infusion on mortality was consistent in prespecified subgroups, including in those with and without diabetes, in those presenting with and without heart failure, in those presenting early and later after symptom onset, and in those receiving and not receiving reperfusion therapy (thrombolysis or primary percutaneous coronary intervention).
Conclusion In this large, international randomized trial, high-dose GIK infusion had a neutral effect on mortality, cardiac arrest, and cardiogenic shock in patients with acute STEMI.
