Depressive Symptoms and Diabetes—Reply
- Sherita Hill Golden, MD, MHS sahill@jhmi.eduDepartment of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore, Maryland;
- Mercedes R. Carnethon, PhDDepartment of Preventive MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicago, Illinois
Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text.
- KEYWORDS:
- BIPOLAR DISORDER
- BLOOD GLUCOSE
- DEPRESSION
- DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR
- DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 02
- METABOLIC SYNDROME X
In Reply: Dr Schulte-Herbrüggen and colleagues point out that our analysis showing that treated type 2 diabetes is associated with later development of depressive symptoms should take into account that affective diseases, such as recurrent major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, may remit between episodes and may not be captured by a questionnaire that assesses the presence or absence of depressive symptoms during a 1-week time frame. We agree that the tools typically used to assess symptoms of depression in population-based studies might misclassify an individual with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder in remission as being nondepressed. It appears that the majority of population-based studies that have examined diabetes as a risk factor for development of depressive symptoms have used symptom-based questionnaires or health care claims data to identify depression.1 We are aware of only 1 study examining the association between diabetes and depression that has used the …
